What is Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize (given in the memory of Alfred Nobel) is a prestigious prize awarded separately in five different fields “to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind”. (Physics, Chemistry, Peace, Medicine or Physiology and Literature)

Later in 1968, a sixth prize was added in the field of economic sciences.

The Prize is officially not a Nobel Prize but it is called as “The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel”.

It was established by Sveriges Riksbank (Sweden’s central bank).

Who Accords the Nobel Prize?

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences accords Nobel Prize in Physics, Chemistry, and Literature.

The Norwegian Nobel Committee accords the Nobel Peace Prize.

The Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute accords the Nobel Prize in Medicine.

The Sveriges Riksbank accords the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences.

Nobel prize history:

ALFRED NOBEL

Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel had drafted a will in 1895 where he reserved a large part of his estate to establish the Nobel Prizes after concerns of how the world would remember him.

He wanted the awards to be given to individuals (based on their achievements), annually, despite their nationality.

He died in 1896.

It took nearly five years for the committee to set up.

The first set of awards for Physiology or Medicine, Chemistry, Literature, Physics and Peace were awarded in 1901.

Nobel Prize Laureates of 2021:

CHEMISTRY:

Awardee: Benjamin List (Frankfurt, Germany at 1968) and David William Cross MacMillan (Scottish-born chemist)

Contribution: “The development of asymmetric organocatalysis”

LITERATURE:

Abdulrazak Gurnah

Awardee: Abdulrazak Gurnah (Tanzanian novelist who writes in English and is based on United Kingdom)

Contribution: “For his uncompromising and compassionate penetration of the effects of colonialism and the fate of the refugee in the gulf between cultures and continents.”

MEDICINE OR PHILOSOPHY:

Awardee: David Julius(American physiologist) and Ardem Patapoutian (Armenian-American molecular biologist and neuroscientist)

Contribution: “For their discoveries of Receptors for Temperature and Touch.”

PEACE:

Awardee: Maria Ressa and Dmitry Muratov

Contribution: “For their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression, which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peace”

PHYSICS:

1.Awardee: Syukuro Manabe and Klaus Hassel Mann (jointly awarded half of the 2021 Nobel Prize in Physics)

Contribution: “Physical modeling of Earth’s climate, quantifying variability, and reliably predicting global warming”

2.Awardee: Giorgio Parisi (awarded one half of the 2021 NobelPrize in Physics)

Contribution: “The discovery of the interplay of disorder and fluctuations in physical systems from atomic to planetary scales.”

ECONOMIC SCIENCES:

The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2021 was divided,

David Card

One half awarded to David Card

“For his empirical contributions to labour economics”

The other half jointly to Joshua D. Angrist and Guido W. Imbens

“For their methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships.”

First Nobel Prize Laureates:

Indian Nobel Laureates:

Rabindra Nath Tagore (1913): Nobel Prize in Literature

Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (1930): Nobel Prize in Physics

Har Gobind Khorana (1968): Nobel Prize in Medicine

Mother Teresa (1979): Nobel Peace Prize

Amartya Sen (1998): Nobel Prize in Economics

Sir Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul (2001): Nobel Prize in Literature

Venkatraman Ramakrishnan (2009): Nobel Prize in Chemistry

Kailash Satyarthi (2014): Nobel Peace Prize

“To be yourself in a world that is constantly trying to make you something else is the greatest accomplishment”

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